MALDI Mechanism Papers

Karas, M.; Bachmann, D.; Hillenkamp, F. Influence of the Wavelength in High-Irradiance Ultraviolet Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry of Organic Molecules. Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 2935โ€“2939.

Karas, M.; Bachman, D.; Bahr, U.; Hillenkamp, F. Matrix-Assisted Ultraviolet Laser Desorption of Non-Volatile Compounds. Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. and Ion Processes 1987, 78, 53โ€“68.

Ehring, H.; Karas, M.; Hillenkamp, F. Role of Photoionization and Photochemistry in Ionization Processes of Organic Molecules and Relevance for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Org. Mass Spectrom. 1992, 27, 472โ€“480.

Wang, B. H.; Dreisewerd, K.; Bahr, U.; Karas, M.; Hillenkamp, F. Gas-Phase Cationization and Protonation of Neutrals Generated by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1993, 4, 393โ€“398.

Dreisewerd, K.; Schuerenberg, M.; Karas, M.; Hillenkamp, F. Influence of the Laser Intensity and Spot Size on the Desorption of Molecules and Ions in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization with a Uniform Beam Profile. Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. Ion Proc.ย 1995, 141, 127โ€“148.

Knochenmuss, R.; Dubois, F.; Dale, M.; Zenobi, R. The Matrix Supression Effect and Ionization Mechanisms in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization. 1996, 10, 871โ€“877.

Lehmann, E.; Knochenmuss, R.; Zenobi, R. Ionization Mechanisms in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry:ย  Contribution of Pre-Formed Ions. 1997, 11, 1483โ€“1492.

Zhigilei, L. V.; Kodali, P.; Garrison, B. J. Molecular Dynamics Model for Laser Ablation and Desorption of Organic Solids. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 2028โ€“2037.

Schurenberg, M.; Dreisewerd, K.; Kamanabrou, S.; Hillenkamp, F. Influence of the Sample Temperature on the Desorption of Matrix Molecules and Ions in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 1998, 172, 89โ€“94.

Karbach, V.; Knochenmuss, R. Do Single Matrix Molecules Generate Primary Ions in Ultraviolet Matrixโ€Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1998.

Zenobi, R.; Knochenmuss, R. Ion Formation in MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 1998.

Zhigilei, L. V.; Kodali, P.; Garrison, B. J. A Microscopic View of Laser Ablation. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 2845โ€“2853.

Knochenmuss, R.; Vertes, A. Time-Delayed 2-Pulse Studies of MALDI Matrix Ionization Mechanisms. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 5406โ€“5410.

Knochenmuss, R.; Stortelder, A.; Breuker, K.; Zenobi, R. Secondary Ion-Molecule Reactions in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 35, 1237โ€“1245.

Karas, M.; Glรผckmann, M.; Schรคfer, J. Ionization in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization: Singly Charged Molecular Ions Are the Lucky Survivors. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 35, 1โ€“12.

Horneffer, V.; Forsmann, A.; Strupat, K.; Hillenkamp, F.; Kubitscheck, U. Localization of Analyte Molecules in MALDI Preparations by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 1016โ€“1022.

Menzel, C.; Dreisewerd, K.; Berkenkamp, S.; Hillenkamp, F. Mechanisms of Energy Deposition in Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2001, 207, 73โ€“96.

Lin, Q.; Knochenmuss, R. Two-Photon Ionization Thresholds of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Matrix Clusters. 2001, 15, 1422โ€“1426.

Zhang, J.; Ha, T.-K.; Knochenmuss, R.; Zenobi, R. Theoretical Calculation of Gas-Phase Sodium Binding Energies of Common MALDI Matrices. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 6610โ€“6617.

Menzel, C.; Dreisewerd, K.; Berkenkamp, S.; Hillenkamp, F. The Role of the Laser Pulse Duration in Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 13, 975โ€“984.

Berkenkamp, S.; Menzel, C.; Hillenkamp, F. Measurements of Mean Initial Velocities of Analyte and Matrix Ions in Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002.

Knochenmuss, R. A Quantitative Model of Ultraviolet Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization. J. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 37, 867โ€“877.

L Demann, H.-C.; Redmond, R. W.; Hillenkamp, F. Singlet-Singlet Annihilation in Ultraviolet Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Studied by Fluorescence Spectroscopy. 2002, 16, 1287โ€“1294.

Knochenmuss, R.; Zenobi, R. MALDI Ionization: the Role of in-Plume Processes. Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 441โ€“452.

Jackson, S. N.; Mishra, S.; Murray, K. K. Characterization of Coarse Particles Formed by Laser Ablation of MALDI Matrixes. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 13106โ€“13110.

Zhigilei, L. V.; Yingling, Y.; Itina, T.; Schoolcraft, T.; Garrison, B. J. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Connections to Experiment. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 226, 85โ€“106.

Rohlfing, A.; Menzel, C.; Kukreja, L.; Hillenkamp, F.; Dreisewerd, K. Photoacoustic Analysis of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Processes with Pulsed Infrared Lasers. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 12275โ€“12286.

Karas, M.; Krรผger, R. Ion Formation in MALDI: the Cluster Ionization Mechanism. Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 427โ€“440.

Knochenmuss, R. A Quantitative Model of Ultraviolet Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Including Analyte Ion Generation. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 2199โ€“2207.

Karas, M.; Bahr, U.; Fournier, I.; Gluckmann, M.; Pfenninger, A. The Initial-Ion Velocity as a Marker for Different Desorption-Ionization Mechanisms in MALDI. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 226, 239โ€“248.

Jackson, S. N.; Kim, J.-K.; Laboy, J. L.; Murray, K. K. Particle Formation by Infrared Laser Ablation of Glycerol: Implications for Ion Formation. 2006, 20, 1299โ€“1304.

Knochenmuss, R. Photoionization Pathways and Free Electrons in UV-MALDI. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 3179โ€“3184.

Knochenmuss, R.; Zhigilei, L. V. Molecular Dynamics Model of Ultraviolet Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Including Ionization Processes. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 22947โ€“22957.

Wallace, W.; Arnould, M.; Knochenmuss, R. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid: Laser Desorption/Ionisation as a Function of Elevated Temperature. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 242, 13โ€“22.

Knochenmuss, R. Ion Formation Mechanisms in UV-MALDI. Analyst 2006, 131, 966โ€“986.

Hillenkamp, F.; Wรคfler, E.; Jecklin, M.; Zenobi, R. Positive and Negative Analyte Ion Yield in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Revisited. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2009.

Rohlfing, A.; Leisner, A.; Hillenkamp, F.; Dreisewerd, K. Investigation of the Desorption Process in UV Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization with a Liquid 3-Nitrobenzyl Alcohol Matrix by Photoacoustic Analysis, Fast-Flash Imaging, and UV-Laser Postionizationโ€ . J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 114, 5367โ€“5381.

Knochenmuss, R.; Zhigilei, L. V. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of MALDI: Laser Fluence and Pulse Width Dependence of Plume Characteristics and Consequences for Matrix and Analyte Ionization. J. Mass Spectrom. 2010, 45, 333โ€“346.

Jaskolla, T. W.; Karas, M. Compelling Evidence for Lucky Survivor and Gas Phase Protonation: the Unified MALDI Analyte Protonation Mechanism. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2011, 22, 976โ€“988.

Musapelo, T.; Murray, K. K. Particle Formation in Ambient MALDI Plumes. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 6601โ€“6608.

Knochenmuss, R.; Zhigilei, L. V. What Determines MALDI Ion Yields? a Molecular Dynamics Study of Ion Loss Mechanisms. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 402, 2511โ€“2519.

Soltwisch, J.; Jaskolla, T. W.; Hillenkamp, F.; Karas, M.; Dreisewerd, K. Ion Yields in UV-MALDI Mass Spectrometry as a Function of Excitation Laser Wavelength and Optical and Physico-Chemical Properties of Classical and Halogen-Substituted MALDI Matrixes. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 6567โ€“6576.

Trimpin, S.; Wang, B.; Inutan, E. D.; Li, J.; Lietz, C. B.; Harron, A.; Pagnotti, V. S.; Sardelis, D.; McEwen, C. N. A Mechanism for Ionization of Nonvolatile Compounds in Mass Spectrometry: Considerations From MALDI and Inlet Ionization. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2012, 23, 1644โ€“1660.

Knochenmuss, R.; Zhigilei, L. V. What Determines MALDI Ion Yields? a Molecular Dynamics Study of Ion Loss Mechanisms. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 402, 2511โ€“2519.

Knochenmuss, R. Energetics and Kinetics of Thermal Ionization Models of MALDI. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2014, 25, 1521โ€“1527.

Kirmess, K. M.; Knochenmuss, R.; Blanchard, G. J.; Kinsel, G. R. MALDI Ionization Mechanisms Investigated by Comparison of Isomers of Dihydroxybenzoic Acid. J. Mass Spectrom. 2015, 51, 79โ€“85.