355 nm/266 nm Nd:YAG laser (amino acids)
M. Karas, D. Bachmann, F. Hillenkamp, Influence of the Wavelength in High-Irradiance Ultraviolet Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry of Organic Molecules, Anal. Chem. 57 (1985) 2935β2939. doi:10.1021/ac00291a042.
266 nm Nd:YAG laser (peptides)
M. Karas, D. Bachman, U. Bahr, F. Hillenkamp, Matrix-Assisted Ultraviolet Laser Desorption of Non-Volatile Compounds, Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. Ion Processes. 78 (1987) 53β68. doi:10.1016/0168-1176(87)87041-6.
337 nm Nitrogen laser (proteins)
K. Tanaka, H. Waki, Y. Ido, S. Akita, Y. Yoshida, T. Yoshida, Protein and Polymer Analyses up to m/z 100 000 by Laser Ionization Time-of flight Mass Spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2 (1988) 151β153. doi:10.1002/rcm.1290020802.
266 nm Nd:YAG (proteins)
M. Karas, F. Hillenkamp, Laser Desorption Ionization of Proteins with Molecular Masses Exceeding 10,000 Daltons, Anal. Chem. 60 (1988) 2299β2301. doi:10.1021/ac00171a028.
355 nm Nd:YAG (proteins)
R.C. Beavis, B.T. Chait, Cinnamic acid derivatives as matrices for ultraviolet laser desorption mass spectrometry of proteins, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 3 (1989) 432β435. doi:10.1002/rcm.1290031207.
2940 nm Er:YAG laser
A. Overberg, M. Karas, U. Bahr, S. Kaufmann, F. Hillenkamp, Matrix-assisted Infrared-laser (2.94 mm) Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Large Biomolecules, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 4 (1990) 293β296. doi:10.1002/rcm.1290040808.
10,600 nm CO2Β laser
A. Overberg, M. Karas, F. Hillenkamp, Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption of Large Biomolecules with a TEA-CO2-Laser, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 5 (1991) 128β131. doi:10.1002/rcm.1290050308.
532 nm Nd:YAG
D.S. Cornett, M.A. Duncan, I.J. Amster, Matrix-assisted laser desorption at visible wavelengths usign a two-component matrix, J. Mass Spectrom. 27 (1992) 831β832. doi:10.1002/oms.1210270712.
2800β4000; 5500β6500 free electron laser
R. Cramer, F. Hillenkamp, R.F. Haglund Jr, Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization by Using a Tunable Mid-Infrared Free-Electron Laser, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 7 (1996) 1187β1193. doi:10.1016/s1044-0305(96)00111-0.
2790 nm Er:YSGG
S. Berkenkamp, C. Menzel, M. Karas, F. Hillenkamp, Performance of Infrared Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Lasers Emitting in the 3 ΞΌm Wavelength Range, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 11 (1997) 1399β1406; doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19970830)11:13%3C1399::AID-RCM29%3E3.0.CO;2-B
2880-2960 nm optical parametric oscillator
M. Sadeghi, Z. Olumee, X. Tang, A. Vertes, Z. Jiang, A. Henderson, et al., Compact tunable Cr:LiSAF laser for infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 11 (1997) 393β397; DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19970228)11:4%3C393::AID-RCM868%3E3.0.CO;2-S.
360β450 nm titanium:sapphire laser
X. Chen, J. Carroll, R.C. Beavis, Near-ultraviolet-induced matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization as a function of wavelength, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 9 (1998) 885β891. doi:10.1016/s1044-0305(98)00059-2.
2940 nm OPO
W. Zhang, S. Niu, B.T. Chait, Exploring infrared wavelength matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization of proteins with delayed-extraction time-of-flight mass spectrometry, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 9 (1998) 879β884. doi:10.1016/S1044-0305(98)00060-9.
2700β3500 nm OPO
J.D. Sheffer, K.K. Murray, Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization using OH, NH and CH vibrational absorption, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12, 1685β1690 (1998); DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(19981130)12:22%3C1685::AID-RCM389%3E3.0.CO;2-S
337 nm & 337 nm two-laser
X.D. Tang, M. Sadeghi, Z. Olumee, A. Vertes, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization by two collinear subthreshold laser pulses, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 11 (1997) 484β488. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(199703)11:53.3.CO;2-U.
337 nm atmospheric pressure
V.V. Laiko, M.A. Baldwin, A.L. Burlingame, Atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 652β657. doi:10.1021/ac990998k
3000 nm atmospheric pressure
V.V. Laiko, N.I. Taranenko, V.D. Berkout, M.A. Yakshin, C.R. Prasad, H.S. Lee, et al., Desorption/ionization of biomolecules from aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure using an infrared laser at 3 micron, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 13 (2002) 354β361. doi:10.1016/s1044-0305(02)00341-0.
10600 nm & 337 nm two-laser
M.W. Little, J.-K. Kim, K.K. Murray, Two-laser infrared and ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, J. Mass Spectrom. 38 (2003) 772β777. doi:10.1002/jms.494.
2940 nm MALD & 2940 nm post-ionization
A. Leisner, A. Rohlfing, S. Berkenkamp, F. Hillenkamp, K. Dreisewerd, Infrared laser post-ionization of large biomolecules from an IR-MALD(I) plume, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 15 (2004) 934β941. doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2004.03.010.
2940 nm & 337 nm two-laser
M.W. Little, K.K. Murray, Two-Laser Mid-Infrared and Ultraviolet Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 261 (2007) 140β145. doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2006.08.010.
2940 nm MALD & 337 nm post-ionization
F. Huang, X. Fan, K.K. Murray, Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization of infrared laser ablated particles, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 274 (2008) 21β24. doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2008.04.006.
355 nm MALDI & 220β340 nm post-ionization
J. Soltwisch, H. Kettling, S. Vens-Cappell, M. Wiegelmann, J. MΓΌthing, K. Dreisewerd, Mass spectrometry imaging with laser-induced postionization, Science. 348 (2015) 211β215. doi:10.1126/science.aaa1051.
280β355 nm dye laser
J. Soltwisch, T.W. Jaskolla, F. Hillenkamp, M. Karas, K. Dreisewerd, Ion Yields in UV-MALDI Mass Spectrometry As a Function of Excitation Laser Wavelength and Optical and Physico-Chemical Properties of Classical and Halogen-Substituted MALDI Matrixes, Anal. Chem. 84 (2012) 6567β6576. doi:10.1021/ac3008434.