- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025.
- by Jia-Lin WangZi-Qian ZhongYa-Zhou HeJun-Hua TianYu-Feng WangAlexander S. RaikhelaHubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, ChinabDepartment of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521cInstitute of Integrative Genomic Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521dCollege of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaeWuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430022, ChinaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceFemale mosquitoes that serve as disease vectors require vertebrate blood to produce eggs. InAedes aegypti, blood-feeding signals the brain to release neurohormones that trigger 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) production. 20E is essential for …
- by Ariana Y. TseAndrew J. SpakowitzaDepartment of Materials Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceDNA methylation plays a fundamental role in regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. Errors in methylation patterning result in impaired cellular function and abnormal gene expression, which leads to cancer, …
- by Daniel J. M. CrouchaCentre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United KingdomProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. APvalue is conventionally interpreted either as a) the probability by chance of obtaining more extreme results than those observed or b) a tool for declaring significance at a prespecified level. Both approaches carry difficulties: b) does not allow …
- by Franky BernalAmro DodinConstantine KyprianouDavid T. LimmerRichard J. SaykallyaDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720bChemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720cMaterials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720dKavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceStudies exploring specific ion effects at the air–water interface have previously focused on the interfacial anions. Here, we establish and characterize the specific surface adsorption of positively charged guanidinium, the active component of …
- by Riccardo FoffiDouglas R. BrumleyFrançois J. PeaudecerfRoman StockerJonasz SĹ‚omkaaInstitute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH ZĂĽrich, ZĂĽrich 8093, SwitzerlandbSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, AustraliacInstitut de Physique de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, Rennes F-35000, FranceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceMicroscale interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton impact nutrient cycling in the ocean. Chemotaxis can aid bacteria in navigating the gradients of chemicals exuded by phytoplankton cells, yet these gradients can often be noisy, and …
- by Ziying ChenYaomei YangXiaomin ChenCheng BeiQian GaoYanjie ChaoChuan WangaKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education / National Health Commission / Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200033, ChinabKey Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, ChinacDepartment of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, ChinadDepartment of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, ChinaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceSalmonellarelies on specialized transcriptional networks to thrive in diverse nutritional environments encountered within hosts, necessitating coordinated responses to dynamic changes. This study uncovers a unique genetic cluster in…
- by Bang NiLu XiaoDa LinTian-Lun ZhangQi ZhangYanjie LiuQuan ChenDong ZhuHaifeng QianMatthias C. RilligYong-Guan ZhuaKey Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinabZhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, ChinacKey Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, ChinadCollege of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaeCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, ChinafYunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinagCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, ChinahInstitute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, GermanyiBrandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin 14195, GermanyjState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceUnderstanding the impacts of pesticide diversity on soil microbial functions remains limited, particularly under different nitrogen fertilizer management practices. Our study demonstrated that higher pesticide diversity can significantly and …
- by William P. J. SmithEwan Armstrong-BondKatharine Z. CoyteChristopher G. KnightMarek BaslerMichael A. BrockhurstaDivision of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United KingdombDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United KingdomcBiozentrum Center for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Basel, Basel CH-4056, SwitzerlandProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceToxin secretion systems, such as type 6 secretion systems (T6SSs), are widely used by bacteria to inhibit competing microorganisms. Here, we show that the secretion of multiple toxins in combination can suppress the evolution of resistance to …
- by Yi SunRuth A. PumroyLeena MallikApala ChaudhuriChloe WangDaniel HwangJulia N. DanonKimia Dasteh GoliVera Y. Moiseenkova-BellNikolaos G. SgourakisaDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bCenter for Computational and Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104cDepartment of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104dImmunology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) proteins select repertoires of epitopic peptides to display on the cell surface for T cell surveillance, against a vast background of possible decoys. However, the molecular mechanism of this selection, …
- by Stephen MokHuey LiuDidem AÄźaç ÇobanoÄźluNana-Ama A. S. AnangJames J. MancusoE. John WherryJames P. AllisonaDepartment of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030bJames P. Allison Institute, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030cDepartment of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104dParker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceAnti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) generates greater memory response than anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in tumor models. Memory T cells generated by anti-CTLA-4 demonstrate greater expansion, enhanced …
- by Kang Rui Garrick LimSelina K. KaiserConnor J. HerringTaek-Seung KimMarta PerxĂ©s PerichSadhya GargChristopher R. O’ConnorMichael AizenbergJessi E. S. van der HoevenChristian ReeceMatthew M. MontemoreJoanna AizenbergaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138bJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138cDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118dRowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142eMaterials Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, NetherlandsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceMost supported catalysts are produced by forming or attaching nanoparticles onto surfaces of supports. However, controlling the interfacial contact between the nanoparticles and support—which has been reported to be the active site for many …
- by Mohammad K. ManikMengqi PanLe XiaoWeixi GuHyoyoung KimSabrina PospichAndrew HedgerParimala R. VajjhalaMorris Y. L. LeeXiaoqi QianMichael J. LandsbergThomas VeJeffrey D. NansonStefan RaunserKatryn J. StaceyHao WuBostjan KobeaDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115bProgram in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115cSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliadAustralian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaeInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliafDepartment of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund 44227, GermanygInstitute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, AustraliahGulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, AustraliaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceThis study elucidates the structural basis of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling through the TIR domain–containing adaptor proteins TRIF and TRAM. By using cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallography, we provide structural …
- A signaling molecule from intratumor bacteria promotes trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer cellsby Gege QinXiying ShaoXiaolong LiuJiachao XuXiaojia WangWenxi WangLu GaoYuxin LiangLina XieDan SuHongwei YangWei ZhouXiaohong FangaKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinabHangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, ChinacDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinadDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, ChinaeUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinafKey Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceRecent studies have revealed that intratumoral bacteria are active as an emerging tumor component for many unexpected tumor types beyond gastrointestinal cancers but with unclear biological functions. In this study, we provide evidence that …
- by Zheng WuEric A. CardonaJesse A. CohnJonathan T. PierceaDepartment of Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory, Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceBH3-only proteins were known for their function in inducing cell death. Their presence in healthy adult neurons, however, suggests additional roles. Our study focused on the BH3-only protein EGL-1 in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, where …
- by Z. WuH. ChenT. I. WeinbergerA. CabalaD. E. GrafY. SkourskiW. XieY. LingZ. ZhuV. SechovskĂ˝M. VališkaF. M. GroscheA. G. EatonaCavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United KingdombFaculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Prague 2 121 16, Czech RepubliccNational High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310dHochfeld-Magnetlabor Dresden (HLD-EMFL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, GermanyeWuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Wuhan 430074, ChinaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. Below a critical temperatureTc, superconductors transport electrical charge without dissipative energy losses. The application of a magnetic fieldBgenerally acts to suppressTc, up to some critical field strength at whichTc→0 K. Here, we investigate magnetic …
- by Yao YaoRobert M. PankowWei HuangCui WuLin GaoYongjoon ChoJianhua ChenDayong ZhangSakshi SharmaXiaoxue LiuYuyang WangBo PengSein ChungKilwon ChoSimone FabianoZunzhong YeJianfeng PingTobin J. MarksAntonio FacchettiaDepartment of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208bSchool of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinacDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968dDepartment of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, ChinaeSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332fDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-Si 37673, Republic of KoreagLaboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, SwedenProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceBioelectronic-inspired neuromorphic perception systems have the potential for efficient sensing and processing environmental stimuli. However, artificial neurons and synapses constructed with silicon and inorganic materials are constrained by …
- by Carlos AncatĂ©n-GonzálezRodrigo C. MezaNaileth Gonzalez-SanabriaIgnacio SeguraAlejandro AlcainoAntonio Peña-PichicoiRamĂłn LatorreChiayu Q. ChiuAndrĂ©s E. ChávezaPrograma de Doctorado en Ciencias MenciĂłn Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaĂso, ValparaĂso 2340000, ChilebInstituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de ValparaĂso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ValparaĂso, ValparaĂso 2340000, ChileProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceCalcium- and voltage-activated potassium channels (BK) are well known to regulate neuronal excitability and synaptic function throughout the brain. However, the contribution of BK channels to activity-dependent changes of synaptic efficacy …
- Turbulence in the tropical stratosphere, equatorial Kelvin waves, and the quasi-biennial oscillationby Rachel AtlasAurĂ©lien PodglajenRichard WilsonAlbert HertzogRiwal PlougonvenaLaboratoire de MĂ©tĂ©orologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, École Normale SupĂ©rieure- Paris Sciences et Lettres UniversitĂ©, École Polytechnique- Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne UniversitĂ©, CNRS, Paris 91128, FrancebLaboratoire Atmosphères et Observations Spatiales/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (LATMOS/IPSL), Sorbonne UniversitĂ©, Paris 75005, FranceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceGases and aerosols in the tropical troposphere may be lofted into the stratosphere, where they reside for months to years. Turbulence in the tropical lower stratosphere affects their vertical transport and entry into the global stratospheric …
- by Steven SchulzTimothy J. C. TanNicholas C. WuShenshen WangaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095bCenter for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801cDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801dCarl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 2, January 2025. SignificanceEpistatic interactions between mutations are thought to constrain evolution since they make an adaptive landscape in sequence space very rugged. However, an increasing variety of empirical fitness landscapes appear to be both strongly rugged …
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