- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026.
- by Alexander ChristieMatan LeibovichMiguel MoscosoAlexei NovikovGeorge PapanicolaouChrysoula TsogkaaDepartment of Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bCourant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012cDepartment of Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Madrid 28911, SpaindDepartment of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802eDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Merced, CA 95343Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceImaging in complex, disordered environments, such as biological tissues, turbulent atmosphere, or cluttered underwater regions, is notoriously difficult because multiple scattering distorts waves. Harnessing large datasets and advanced …
- by Alec T. WilkenKaleb C. SellersJulian L. DavisLawrence M. WitmerCasey M. HollidayaDepartment of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bDepartment of Oral Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612cDepartment of Engineering, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN 47712dDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701eDepartment of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026.
- by Xichen ZhouQianyong ZhuHongliang DongXiao LiangQihan JiaCheng ZhangJian HeWenting HeYuye WuYi RuBin ChenRobert O. RitchieHongbo GuoShiteng ZhaoaKey Laboratory of High-temperature Structural Materials and Coating Technology (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, ChinabTianmushan Laboratory, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311115, ChinacCenter for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, ChinadShanghai Key Laboratory of Material Frontiers Research in Extreme Environments, Institute for Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences, Shanghai 201203, ChinaeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceRefractory alloys hold immense promise for high-temperature applications but are often limited by poor ductility. This work demonstrates in a model Nb40Ta25Ti15Hf15Zr5refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) that self-adaptive dislocation …
- by Ye YangAnne P. BeigneuxTroy L. LoweYan Q. ChenKatherine XieHyesoo JungYiping TuRachel G. YuJulia L. ScheithauerShailen MehtaJerry WuLindsay AlvarezW. Sean DavidsonGabriel BirraneAlan T. RemaleyDenis SviridovMichael PlougEugene Y. ZhenYuewei QianJohn H. SloanRobert W. SiegelRobert J. KonradLoren G. FongStephen G. YoungaDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095bDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095cLilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225dDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267eDivision of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215fLaboratory of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814gFinsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen N DK-2200, DenmarkhBiotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, DenmarkProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceApolipoprotein AV (APOA5) reduces plasma triglyceride levels by binding to angiopoietin-like protein 3/8 complex (ANGPTL3/8) and suppressing its ability to block lipoprotein lipase, but our understanding of important APOA5 sequences and how …
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026.
- by Juan BenitoPei-Chen KuoChristopher R. TorresGuillermo NavalónOlivia PlateauAlexander D. ClarkElizabeth M. SteellDaniel J. FieldaDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United KingdombNegaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605cDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211dDepartment of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, SpaineThe Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern 63012, SwitzerlandfNaturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bern 3005, SwitzerlandgMuseum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United KingdomProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026.
- by Noor YoussefSarah GurevDebora S. MarksaDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115bBroad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026.
- by Marie WiatrZijun WangMarie CanisBrianna HernandezAnna GazumyanGabriela S. Silva SantosSadman ShawrazSonghee LeePaul D. BieniaszTheodora HatziioannouFrauke MueckschMichel C. NussenzweigaLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065bLaboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065cHHMI, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065dDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, GermanyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceNanoparticle vaccines are promising next-generation vaccine candidates, yet their capacity to generate durable memory B cell responses remains incompletely understood. We compared immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA, homotypic beta …
- by Sang Woo ParkBjarke Frost NielsenEmily HowertonBryan T. GrenfellSarah CobeyaDepartment of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bSchool of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreacHigh Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540dNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, DenmarkePandemiX Center, Roskilde University, Roskilde 4000, DenmarkfDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544gSchool of Public and International Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceCOVID-19 interventions slowed the transmission of many respiratory pathogens in different ways, raising questions about the mechanisms driving the variation in responses to interventions. To address this gap, we characterized the sensitivity …
- by Jiaming WangFrancesco PecoraRohit ChhiberSohom RoyWilliam H. MatthaeusaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19816bHeliophysics Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceThis research explores how magnetic field and plasma density in the solar wind are autocorrelated across timescales from minutes to years, characterized by correlation functions. The correlation function has a one-to-one correspondence with …
- by Fay MorlandMelany H. MalcolmLaura WilkinsonChristine NeytDavid R. GrattanAmanda E. BrandonStephen J. SimpsonAlistair M. SeniorSamantha M. Solon-BietTracy L. PerryMichael GarrattaCentre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Otago 9016, New ZealandbCharles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, AustraliacDivision of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceMaternal diet during pregnancy is linked to changes in metabolic health, including risk of gestational diabetes, and the health of offspring. However, how specific dietary macronutrients (i.e., protein, carbohydrate, and fat) directly …
- by Tommaso InzaniGiovanni NavaMarco BuscagliaAndrea SorannoAlessandro GoriGreta BergamaschiSamir SuweisAmos MaritanTommaso BelliniaDipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, UniversitĂ degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, ItalybDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110cIstituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano 20131, ItalydDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, UniversitĂ degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35121, ItalyeIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padova 35121, ItalyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceAmong their many survival strategies, cells exploit phase transitions to regulate their internal organization, forming dense droplets of nucleic acids and proteins. To uncover the molecular mechanisms behind this condensation, we studied the …
- by Loring J. ThomasNicholas A. ChristakisFiliz GaripaCenter for Policy Research on Energy and the Environment, Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544bDepartment of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511cDepartment of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511dDepartment of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceOver the last decade, the origin of migration flows through the southern U.S. border has shifted from Mexico to Central American countries. We hypothesize that social networks are a key factor in migration and use detailed social network …
- by Shun WangShun-Li ShangZi-Kui LiuWenrui HaoaDepartment of Mathematics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802bDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceThe increasing availability of complex, heterogeneous datasets poses significant challenges for traditional data-driven methods, which often assume data homogeneity and fail to account for internal disparities. Quantifying entropy and its …
- by Zachary JacksonMathew A. LeiboldRobert D. HoltBingKan XueaDepartment of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525bDepartment of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceThere are many challenges in inferring the dynamical processes driving complex ecological communities from observational data alone. We introduce the method of “Maximum Caliber” from statistical physics (an extension of Maximum Entropy …
- by Taryn EamesEmma BrunskillBogdan YamkovenkoKodi WeatherholtzPhilip OreopoulosaDepartment of Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E9, CanadabDepartment of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305cEfficacy Research, Khan Academy, Mountain View, CA 94042Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceResearch has highlighted the promise of computer-assisted learning (CAL), potentially offering both learning gains and affordable scalability. However, such evidence is often based on idealistic settings, including high usage targets and …
- by Keerthivasan MuthukumarDinesh Sundaravadivelu DevarajanYoung C. KimJeetain MittalaArtie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843bHigh Performance Research Computing, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843cCenter for Materials Physics and Technology, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375dDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843eInterdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceCells use biomolecular condensates enriched with intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) to spatiotemporally organize and regulate diverse biochemical processes. The material properties of these condensates, such as their viscosity and …
- by Haiyan LuYuan LiuHung-Yu ChiangHua ZhangXudong ShiLingjun LiaSchool of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705bBiophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706cSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792dDepartment of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceThis study provides the first system-level analysis of the interplay between protein conformational changes and phosphorylation events during cell–cell communication between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells using a coculture system. …
- by Ze XuRaphael SaiseauOlinka RamĂrez-SotoStefan KarpitschkaaDepartment of Physics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, GermanybDepartamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional AutĂłnoma de Mexico (IIM-UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de MĂ©xico, MexicoProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. SignificanceTopographic patterning of surfaces is central to microfabrication technologies. The capillary action of the patterns can be a significant challenge for fabrication and application, especially as length scales are minimized. Here, we …
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