- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026.
- by Eugene MalthouseCharlie PilgrimDaniel SgroiMichela AccerenziAntonio AlfonsoRana Umair AshrafMax BaardSanchayan BanerjeeAlexis BelianinSwagata BhattacharjeeMihir BhattacharyaPablo Brañas-GarzaJuan-Camilo CárdenasMiguel CarriquirySyngjoo ChoiGwen-Jiro ClochardEduardo Ezekiel DenzonBartlomiej Dessoulavy-SliwinskiGiorgio DiniLu DongAntal ErtlFilippos ExadaktylosEmel Filiz-OzbaySarah Lynn FleckeFabio GaleottiTeresa Garcia-MuñozNobuyuki HanakiGuillaume HollardDaniel HornLingbo HuangDoruk İrişHubert Janos KissJuliane KochJaromír KováříkOsbert Kwabena Boadi KwartengAndreas LangeMartin LeitesThomas Ho-Fung LeungWooyoung LimMeike MorrenLaila NockurCharles Yaw OkyereMayada OudahAli I. OzkesLionel PageJunghyun ParkStefan PfattheicherAntonios ProestakisCarlos RamosMapi Ramos-SosaMuhammad Saeed AshrafMuhammad Ryan SanjayaRene SchwaigerOmar SeneFei SongSarah SpycherRostislav StaněkNorman TanchingcoAlessandro TavoniVera te VeldeMaría José Vázquez-De FranciscoMartine VisserJoseph Tao-Yi WangWilly WangWei-Chien WengKatharina WernerAmanda WijayantiRalph WinklerJohn WoodersLi YingWei ZhenThomas HillsaCentre for Decision Research and Experimental Economics, School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NR7 2QX, United KingdombSchool of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United KingdomcDepartment of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United KingdomdFundación ETEA—Development Institute of Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba 14004, SpaineDepartment of Applied Economics I, University of Seville, Sevilla 41018, SpainfFaculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-241, PolandgEnvironmental Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South AfricahSchool for Government, The Policy Institute, King’s College London, London WC2B 4LL, United KingdomiNational Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 101000, RussiajAlmaty Management University, Almaty 050060, KazakhstankJindal School of Government and Public Policy, O.P. Jindal Global University, Haryana 131001, IndialDepartment of Economics, Ashoka University, Haryana 131029, IndiamLoyolaBehLAB, Department of Finance, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba 14004, SpainnFacultad de Economía, Universidad de los Andes, Cundinamarca, Bogotá 111711, ColombiaoDepartment of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003pInstituto de Economía, Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Montevideo 11200, UruguayqDepartment of Economics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KorearInstitute of Social and Economics Research, University of Osaka, Osaka 567-0047, JapansJoint Initiative for Latin American Experimental Economics, Buenos Aires C1054 AAF, ArgentinatJohn Gokongwei School of Management, Ateneo de Manila University, Metro Manila 1108, PhilippinesuDepartment of Economics, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, ItalyvSouthern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Province 518055, ChinawELTE Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Budapest 1097, HungaryxSchool of Social Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík 102, IcelandyUniversidad de Barcelona, Barcelona 08007, SpainzDepartment of Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742aaDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, United KingdombbCNRS, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Emlyon Business School, GATE, Lyon 69007, FranceccUniversity of Granada, Granada 18012, SpainddUniversity of Limassol, Limassol 3020, CypruseeCenter for Research in Economics and Statistics, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau 91120, FranceffCNRS, Paris Cedex 16 75794, FranceggCorvinus University of Budapest, Budapest 1093, HungaryhhShandong University, Jinan, Licheng District 250100, ChinaiiDepartment of Economics, Sogang University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreajjEconomics Department at Lund University School of Economics and Management, Lund 223 63, SwedenkkDepartamento de Análisis Económico, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48015, SpainllFaculty of Economics, University of West Bohemia, Plzeň 306 14, Czech RepublicmmDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra GA-489-1402, GhanannDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences of the University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, GermanyooUniversidad de la República de Uruguay, Montevideo 11200, UruguayppUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721qqThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong KongrrDepartment of Marketing, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, NetherlandsssDepartment of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, DenmarkttDivision of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188, United Arab EmiratesuuCenter for Behavioral Institutional Design, New York University Abu Dhabi Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188, United Arab EmiratesvvSKEMA Business School, Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Économie et Gestion, Université Côte d’Azur, Lille 59777, FrancewwVienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna 1020, AustriaxxSchool of Economics, University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, AustraliayySeoul National University, Seoul 04107, Republic of KoreazzDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Sitia 72300, GreeceaaaInstituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo 10602, Dominican RepublicbbbDepartment of Applied Economic Analysis, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas 35017, SpaincccSchool of Tourism Management, Hengxing University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, ChinadddUniversitas Gadjah Mada, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaeeeDepartment of Banking and Finance, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, AustriafffAlioune Diop University of Bambey, Bambey BP 16617, SenegalgggTed Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, CanadahhhDepartment of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zürich 8092, SwitzerlandiiiFaculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Brno 601 77, CzechiajjjGrantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, United KingdomkkkUniversity of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South AfricalllDepartment of Economics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwanmmmTaiwan Social Resilience Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, TaiwannnnSchool of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109oooDepartment of Economics, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50937, GermanypppSchool of Business, Economics, and Information Systems, University of Passau, Passau D-94032, GermanyqqqDepartment of Economics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, SwitzerlandrrrInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinasssDepartment of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United KingdomProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceOne of the main goals of international climate change negotiations is to distribute the economic burden of limiting global warming. A central challenge is that some countries are wealthier than others and may therefore be better able to invest …
- by Flavio GiulianiFrancesco Guidarelli MattioliYuhan ChenDario BaratellaDaniele DragoniMarco BernasconiJohn RussoLilia BoeriRiccardo MazzarelloaDepartment of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, ItalybDepartment of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20125, ItalycQuantum Computing Solutions, Leonardo Societá per azioni, Via R. Pieragostini 80, Genova, ItalyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificancePhase-change materials (PCM) are used in nonvolatile memories and neuromorphic computing devices, which exploit the strong temperature dependence of their crystallization kinetics. Using molecular dynamics simulations based on a machine-…
- by Carl VellerPavitra MuralidharaDepartment of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bNational Institute for Theory and Mathematics in Biology, Northwestern University and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceThe theory of system drift, initially proposed in developmental genetics, holds that the components of a system can evolve (and therefore diverge between species) despite selective constraint on their combined result. We provide a population …
- by Xu ZhangZhaohui LanYu HuangYuting LiZhenbo WangJingyu SunYing ZhouHechen BaoXuelian FanJiarun YangXiujuan YangCaiqin LiXiangyu YangYifang KuangMiou ZhouGuang HeEiki TakahashiPaul W. FranklandWeidong LiaBio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Center for Brain Health and Brain Technology, Global Institute of Future Technology, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinabInstitute of Vibration Shock and Noise, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinacDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329dDepartment of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599eCollege of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766fDepartment of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapangProgram in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, CanadahWorld Laureates Association Laboratories, Shanghai 201203, ChinaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceWhile inhibitory engrams have been previously hypothesized, the current study provides causal evidence that inhibition of extinction-tagged GABAergic cells in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) impairs recall of the extinction memory, resulting in …
- by Yifan RenZepu MiaoChe-Yi LinLudong YangHuihui LiLinda Z. HollandSung-Jin ChoJr-Kai YuJia-Xing YueaState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, ChinabInstitute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TaiwancMarine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093dDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of KoreaeMarine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan 26242, TaiwanProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceCephalochordates (amphioxus or lancelets) are invertebrate chordates that diverged first in the chordate lineage leading to the vertebrates. Thus, their genomes can help reveal the genetic basis of the evolutionary transition from an …
- by Elizabeth R. JerisonNicolas RomeoStephen R. QuakeaDepartment of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bCenter for Living Systems, Physical Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637cInstitute for Biophysical Dynamics, Physical Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637dJames Franck Institute, Physical Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637eDepartment of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceInflammation is an essential immune defense, and much remains unknown about its spatial orchestration via signaling among immune and other cells in tissue. One challenge is disentangling spatial effects that are driven by the pathogen, as …
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026.
- by Satoru FujiiScott T. EspenschiedVibha AnandJoao Bettencourt-SilvaYi HanGo ItoAkira KosekiAkihiro KosugiJames KozloskiRyoma MatsumotoShanshan MengNatasha MulliganRyan J. MusichKevin P. NewhallEri OshinaShuhei SekiguchiYi WangJianying HuMatthew CiorbaL. David SibleyRyuichi OkamotoThaddeus S. StappenbeckaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanbDepartment of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Research, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195cHealthcare and Life Sciences, International Business Machines Corporation Research, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598dHealthcare and Life Sciences, International Business Machines Corporation Research, Cambridge, MA 02142eHealthcare and Life Sciences, International Business Machines Corporation Research, Dublin 2 D02 F6N2, IrelandfHealthcare and Life Sciences, International Business Machines Corporation Research, Tokyo 103-8510, JapangMedical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195hDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110iDivision of Gastroenterology and the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110jDeparment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceThis manuscript addresses challenges in quantitative comparisons of cell types grown in vitro vs. in vivo counterparts. Here, we use the intestinal epithelium as a model system to address this challenge. We devised an in vitro culture platform …
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026.
- by Mackenzie E. MitchellEric FeczkoDamien A. FairJessica R. CohenaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514bMasonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414cDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55454dInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455eCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599fBiomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceExecutive functions, which encompass goal-directed behaviors critical for life success, emerge from interactions within and between networks of brain regions. Here, we tested how executive functions are linked to functional brain network …
- by Aaron ChueyJulian Jara-EttingerHyowon GweonaDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, CAbDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, MAcDepartment of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven 06510, CTProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceMany of our most ubiquitous social behaviors—forming social ties, managing our reputations, and gossiping—involve reasoning about who knows what about whom. The ability to draw these inferences quickly in real-time interactions is critical for …
- by Evan R. AbtLiang WangGrigor VaruzhanyanJack FreelandTian HeGuadalupe M. Peña-GarciaLauryn RueggJami McLaughlinDonghui ChengNikolas G. BalanisChia-Chun ChenYang XuYi XingSanaz MemarzadehCaius G. RaduThomas G. GraeberOwen N. WitteaDepartment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095bJonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095cDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095eEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095fDepartment of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107gCenter for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104hDepartment of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104iDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104jThe Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073kMolecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095lCrump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095mCalifornia NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095nUniversity of California, Los Angeles Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095oParker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceThe synthetic lethality of E2F3 inactivation in RB-deficient small cell cancer cells is established. E2F3 dependency is shared across RB-deficient cells originating from multiple tissues. The requirement for E2F3 in RB-deficient small cell …
- by Jing LiuAn MuShaojie MaYi LiuJing ZhangJun-zhuo ZhaoJian WangXia-lian WuJun-xia LuaInterdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, ChinabSchool of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, ChinacSchool of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, ChinadHubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, ChinaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceProtein high-order assembly with a hierarchical organization is intrinsically difficult to study. To fully explore its functions and carry out further structure-based design, a thorough understanding of how the material is structured at the …
- by Kambiz HassanzadehJun LiuJie ZhangMohadeseh Abouhosseini TabariSanthosh MaddilaM. Maral Mouradiana
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ
08854
b
Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
08854Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceTransglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been implicated in common neurodegenerative diseases and particularly in synucleinopathies that include Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. However, due to its multidomain and multifunctional …
- by Gabriele AndreattaFederico ScaramuzzaAida ĆorićLukas OrelAudrey M. MatHiroki TakekataBirgit PoehnNadja MilivojevKristin Tessmar-RaibleaDepartment of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, AustriabVienna BioCenter PhD Program, A Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, AustriacInstitute for Co-creative Research and Outreach, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, JapandAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Polar Biological Oceanography Section, Bremerhaven 27570, GermanyeCarl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, GermanyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceChanges to natural light are among the biggest anthropogenic alterations. To judge their impact and to weigh possible countermeasures, model systems provide insight into how light information is decoded and used. Our work on the bristleworm…
- by Pepijn G. MoermanCheng-Hung ChouThomas E. VidebækW. Benjamin RogersRebecca SchulmanaDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218bDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AE, The NetherlandscMartin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453dDepartment of Chemistry and Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceSelf-assembly of colloidal building blocks is a promising method, inspired by nature, to build materials with varied structural features from which the material may derive interesting optical and mechanical properties. However, features on …
- by GeeHee KimSaeka TomatsuTatsuya UmedaTomohiko TakeiTetsuro FunatoKazuhiko SekiaDepartment of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, JapanbDepartment of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8585, JapancDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, The University of Electro-communications, Tokyo 182-8585, JapanProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceSkilled hand movements are a hallmark of primate behavior and are usually attributed to cortical mechanisms. Yet the degree to which spinal circuits contribute directly to voluntary dexterity has remained unclear. By combining in vivo …
- by Xiangxin DangGlaucio H. PaulinoaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544bPrinceton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceFrom termite nests to cancellous bone, irregular structures are ubiquitous in nature but difficult to harness in artificial systems. We propose an optimization-free approach that directly generates irregular structures by applying linear (or, …
- by Jonas MoeckingSvetlana DoroshevMiguel Ricardo LeungTzviya Zeev-Ben-MordehaiaBijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The NetherlandsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 12, March 2026. SignificanceLINC (linker of nucleo- and cytoskeleton) complexes establish a physical bridge across the nuclear envelope, allowing them to transmit mechanical signals between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. We used superresolution fluorescence microscopy …
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