- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025.
- by Zachary HorneMert KobaĹźAndrei CimpianaDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United KingdombDepartment of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceSome of the most significant achievements of human history have come about as a result of our scientific ingenuity. Thus, understanding scientific reasoning is a key goal for cognitive science. The present research uses a unique combination of …
- by Sarah C. StanhopeKratika SinghalNicolás M. MoratoYunfei FengGaoya MengMakayla N. MarlinClaudia C. KotankoMadolyn M. JarrettAndrew D. MesecarR. Graham CooksVikki M. WeakeaDepartment of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907bPurdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907cDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907dBindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceOne-carbon metabolism produces all necessary methyl units for DNA, RNA, and histone methylation reactions in the cell. The use of these methyl units generates the by-productS-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), a potent inhibitor of …
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025.
- by Roberto Di LeonardoAndrás BĂşzásLĂłránd KelemenDávid TĂłthSzilvia Z. TĂłthPál OrmosGaszton VizsnyiczaiaDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza UniversitĂ di Roma, Rome I-00185, ItalybInstitute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Italy, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Rome 00185, ItalycInstitute of Biophysics, Biophotonics and Biomicrofluidics Research Group, Bionanoscience Research Unit, Hungarian Research Network Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, HungarydInstitute of Plant Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Photobioenergetics, Plant Light Perception and Utilization Research Unit, Hungarian Research Network Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, HungaryProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceWhat photons, molecules, and microorganisms have in common is that, when confined within a cavity, they provide instances of a broad class of mathematical problems known as dynamical billiards. But if equilibrium imposes that photons and …
- by Xiangjun ChenHee Seung HwangBihua LiYanhua ZhaoKoushik GhoshLei DengElizabeth A. CreaseyOrr AshenbergDaniel B. GrahamRamnik J. XavieraCenter for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114bBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142cDepartment of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114dCenter for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114eGene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceAdvancements in human genetics revealed mechanisms of immune dysfunction underlying immune-mediated diseases. In this regard, genome-wide association studies can serve as unbiased discovery engines to identify genetic risk factors linked to …
- Lymphatic dysfunction is linked to disease pathogenesis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy animal modelsby Bhuvaneshwaran SubramanianShedreanna JohnsonAkshaya NarayananWei WangBonnie L. SeabergJillian BallIlse M. Paredes MaresAhana MajumderAlexandria AcevesSarah E. FrazierAlexis RutledgeJohn F. GriffinSoumiya PalScott ZawiejaMichael J. DavisJoseph M. RutkowskiPeter P. NghiemMendell RimerMariappan MuthuchamyaDepartment of Medical Physiology, Naresh K. Vashisht College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807bDepartment of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Naresh K. Vashisht College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807cDepartment of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843dDepartment of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceThe lymphatic system plays important roles in regulating inflammatory processes in the body. This study explored whether lymphatics were dysregulated in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) animal models. Lymph transport function was …
- by Gayoung HwangDae-Wook YangTerezia Klaudia GeisseovaHae A. KimYangkyun OhGreg S. B. SuhaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of KoreabDepartment of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of KoreacKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Analysis Center for Research Advancement, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of KoreadDepartment of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of KoreaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceAnimals possess an innate ability to detect chemical cues associated with beneficial substances in the environment. Chimpanzees, for example, are able to identify a particular herb that can fight off parasites during infection—a phenomenon …
- by Nina KubatovaThomas SchmidtQuan WangG. Marius CloreaLaboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceDespite extensive structural studies of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), the oligomerization properties of class A GPCRs, such as the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR), remain elusive. Most in vitro studies have been conducted in detergent …
- by Sixing HongZeyuan GuanLiying ZhangJinjin ZhuangLing YanYanjun LiuZhu LiuQiang WangPing YinaNational Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceProhibitins are implicated in diverse cellular processes and have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for treating cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory conditions. This study demonstrates that PHB1 …
- by Daniel S. AlberShiheng ZhaoAlexandre O. JacintoEric F. WieschausStanislav Y. ShvartsmanPierre A. HaasaDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540bThe Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540cMax Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden 01187, GermanydMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, GermanyeCenter for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden 01307, GermanyfCenter for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010gDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceDeformations of tissues into complex shapes can result from active processes within the tissue or from forces applied at their boundaries. Here, we show that the symmetry-breaking of the shape of theDrosophilahindgut primordium that we …
- by Yehonatan TsuberyHillel AharoniaDepartment of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, IsraelProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceThis study advances the control and design of topological defect structures in nematic liquid crystals, a key step toward functional defect-based devices and methods. By extending the inverse problem to include tunable system parameters, we …
- by Leon M. KampMohamed ZanatyAhmad ZareeiBenjamin GorissenRobert J. WoodKatia BertoldiaJ. A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Flanders Make, Leuven 3001, BelgiumProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceAutonomous interaction with unstructured environments remains a major challenge for robots, often requiring complex control systems and multiple sensors. Here, we present a design strategy for physically intelligent, underactuated mechanisms …
- by Aiko YoshidaYoshitsugu UekusaTakeshi SuzukiMichael BauerNobuaki SakaiYohei YamauchiaDepartment of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, JapanbR&D Group, Olympus Corporation, Hachioji 192-8512, JapancDepartment of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, JapandMolecular Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ZĂĽrich, ZĂĽrich 8093, SwitzerlandeDepartment of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, SwitzerlandfSchool of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United KingdomProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) continue to cause epidemics worldwide due to their high mutability. Nevertheless, the initial step of infection, viral uptake into cells, has been challenging to observe directly with conventional microscopy …
- by Isaac SlaughterAxel PeytavinJohan UganderMartin SaveskiaInformation School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195bDepartment of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305cDepartment of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceWarning labels about misinformation in social media posts are typically provided by professional fact-checkers. Recently, X introduced Community Notes, a feature enabling ordinary users to propose and vet fact-checking notes for potentially …
- by Bruce E. TabashnikYves CarrièreaDepartment of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceCrops genetically engineered to produce pest-killing proteins fromBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) control some major pests and reduce insecticide sprays. However, evolution of resistance to Bt crops has decreased these benefits. Analyses of …
- by Sara B. WeinsteinDylan M. KlureEfthymia SymeonidiRobert GreenhalghMarc T. MayesMargaret L. DoolinTess E. StapletonAndrea SweiMichael V. CoveM. Denise DearingaDepartment of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322bSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112cDepartment of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322dSpatial Informatics Group-Natural Assets Laboratory, Pleasanton, CA 94566eAssociated Regional and University Pathologists, Inc. (ARUP) Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84112fDepartment of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132gMammalogy, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceAccurately characterizing dietary specialization is critical for understanding species’ resilience; however, this component of niche breadth remains poorly understood in mammalian herbivores. Results from species, population, and individual …
- by Barbara K. BrottAram J. RaissiKristina D. MichevaJost VielmetterMonique S. MendesCaroline J. BaccusJolie HuangCarla J. ShatzaDepartments of Biology and Neurobiology and Bio-X, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305cDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceA complex interplay of mechanisms and cell types regulates synapse stabilization and pruning throughout life. The complement cascade contributes by activating glia, leading to pruning. Neurons also express receptors implicated in pruning, …
- by Zhengyun ChenJustin Z. LianHaozhou HuangHengyi ZhuLynda Thubelihle KanyeMateng ChenZhihao ZhangBoxin LiuJiawei ZhangAjaz AhmedValerio BarbarossaStefano CucurachiBin DongaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of ChinabDepartment of Industrial Ecology, Institute of Environmental Science–Industrial Ecology, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, The NetherlandscCourant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012dSchool of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of ChinaeSchool of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of ChinafDepartment of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United KingdomgDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569hPBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague 2594 AV, The NetherlandsiEngineering Research Center for Smart Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technologies, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of ChinaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceThis study provides a rigorous comparative environmental and economic assessment of nine synthetic pathways for Molnupiravir, integrating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with Life Cycle Cost (LCC). The analysis identifies the extensive use of …
- by Jun DaiChuan ChenZhi-Qiang ZhaiA-Xiang GaoDavid R. JohnsonPeter M. KopittkeFang-Jie ZhaoPeng WangaJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinabCollege of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinacDepartment of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dubendorf 8600, SwitzerlanddInstitute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern 3012, SwitzerlandeSchool of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, AustraliaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 38, September 2025. SignificanceRice straighthead disease, triggered by toxic methylated arsenic species, poses a major yet underappreciated threat to global rice yields and food safety. Here, we reveal that the balance between microbial arsenic methylators and demethylators …
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