- by Qunfeng ZengThe limited output power of single-electrode droplet-based electricity generators (DEGs) poses a major challenge to their practical adoption. To overcome this barrier, this paper introduces a multi-electrode DEG architecture capable of generating both direct and alternating current. Crucially, the performance gain is fundamentally governed by capacitive coupling among the electrodes—a phenomenon that extends the classical principle of electrostatic induction. This insight is formalized through a generalized capacitance matrix model, which describes the charge-potential interactions within the shared electric field and […]
- by Yi Luo, Fan Tang, Yuanji Luo, Hong Huang, Zhiqin Fan, Tengfei Kong, Sujun Guan and Hongde LiuAs a classic frequency-doubling crystal for the visible spectra range, heavily magnesium-doped lithium niobate (LN:Mg) has long been hindered in its application to compact and thermally stable laser systems by its intrinsically high phase-matching temperature. In this study, a series of MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystals were grown from the ternary MgO–Li2O–Nb2O5 system, and their optical and nonlinear optical properties were systematically characterized. Compared with crystals grown from the conventional congruent binary Li2O–Nb2O5 system, the as-grown crystals from the ternary system exhibit […]
- by Xinbo Zhao, Zhiyuan Jiang, Jianfei Zhang, Zhiguo Qu, Zihao Song, Bing Lu, Liangti Qu and Yiyu FengSolid–liquid transition is characterized by high thermal storage density and near-isothermal endothermic/exothermic processes. Consequently, phase change heat sinks (PCHSs) based on phase change materials hold significant potential for application in heat management of electronic devices under specialized operating conditions. However, existing research still confronts key challenges, including insufficient in-plane thermal conductivity, slow thermal response rates, and inadequate investigation into the effects of encapsulation materials. In this study, a n-octacosane/π-shaped graphene foam (n-octacosane/π-GF) phase change composite (PCC) heat sink is proposed. […]
- by Huaping Song, Chenyu Liang, Qiong Zhang, Kai Du, Junwei Yang, Yan Liu, Mingsheng Fang, Bing Yang, Ke Xiao and Anli YangCubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC), with its low interface state density at the gate oxide and high channel mobility, is a promising material for power devices where a large oxide/semiconductor conduction band offset (CBO) is essential. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization reveals that the SiO2/3C-SiC heterojunction has a valence band offset of 2.48 ± 0.08 eV, leading to a CBO of 4.06 ± 0.08 eV larger than that of SiO2/4H-SiC (CBO = 3.09 ± 0.08 eV). Both heterojunctions exhibit a type-I straddling […]
- by Jiaqi Li, Peng Hu, Fangjie Meng, Jinzhong Tang and Wen WangThe nucleation pathway of metal nanocrystals (NCs) critically governs their final structure and properties, representing a fundamental challenge across materials science, chemistry, physics, and biology. However, specific nonclassical pathways and the role of kinetics in early-stage nucleation remain elusive. Here, we combine in situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculations to investigate the nucleation of silver nanoparticles. Our observations reveal a nonclassical pathway involving spinodal decomposition and transient amorphous pre-nucleation clusters. Subsequently, we report the independent formation and […]
- by Abdulcabbar Yavuz, Sitki Aktas, Fahrettin Sarcan, Mustafa Sukru Kurt, Ayse Erol, Selcuk Atasoy and Salih DurduIncreasing the surface area of materials is crucial for energy storage devices because a larger surface allows more ions to interact with the electrode, enabling greater energy storage. One effective method to achieve this is to introduce nanostructures through anodization. In this study, Ti–Mo based alloys were anodized to synthesize a Ti-based anodized material (anodic oxidation, AO), which was further modified by incorporating silver to produce Ag-based AO (Ag–AO–Ti15Mo). The structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of these materials were investigated […]
- by Kryštof Mrózek, Marek Šťastný, Karel Juřík, Lukáš Havlíček, Michal Novotný, Pavlína Králíková, Kristína Šťastná and Adam ObrusníkAccurate yet computationally efficient modeling of ion-beam extraction remains challenging because one must capture plasma meniscus formation, space-charge-limited transport, and ion–neutral collisions in realistic three-dimensional geometries. The paper presents a hybrid particle-based algorithm that iteratively couples a non-linear Poisson equation solver with Boltzmann electrons to a test-particle Monte Carlo ion tracer including elastic ion-neutral collisions. The algorithm is implemented in the MatSight framework and uses custom OpenFOAM solvers, enabling fully 3D simulations of extraction systems. The model is validated against […]
- by Fayleon Lin, Vincent Andraud, Guillem Tobella, Joan Montanya, Rafael Sousa Martins and Carmen Guerra-GarciaThis paper presents an experimental investigation of the properties of long electrical arcs immersed in a crossflow. The insights gained from these experiments can be applied in numerous fields: one of which is lightning protection of aircraft. Upon initial attachment to the airplane, the lightning arc column can sweep along the plane’s surface due to the relative motion between the two in a process known as the swept-stroke. The first set of experiments corresponds to meter-scale low-current D.C. arcs (3 […]
- Crossover between weak anti-localization and localization in heterostructures of strange-metal YBa …by Nirmal K Sebastian, Ajin Joy and P S Anil Kumaris a well-studied strong topological insulator (TI) that exhibits weak antilocalization arising from its spin-momentum locked Dirac cone in its surface. We report a systematic change from weak antilocalization to weak localization as a function of magnetic field in heterostructures of thin films. The magnetoconductance also reveals a temperature-dependent crossover from weak antilocalization to weak localization in the quantum diffusive regime. We observe a clear coexistence and competition among several length scales such as mean free path, spin-diffusion length and […]
- by Ji Yung Ahn, Jianan Wang, Tasnim Akbar Faruquee and Marien Simeni SimeniTime-resolved diagnostics were applied to investigate free-electron properties in nanosecond laser-produced discharges generated in atmospheric pressure Ar and in Ar–3%H2O. The discharges were generated using 23 ns, 1064 nm laser pulses. Broadband plasma imaging and laser Thomson scattering were combined with optical emission spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on the Stark broadening of the H and H lines. The plasma exhibited a bright emission that persists for up to 30–40 µs after breakdown. Plasma emission was then followed by a very weak glow emission […]
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