- by Xin Li, Xunhai Lai, Yang Wang, Xiaohua Zhang, Huacheng Zhu and Wei XiaoMicrowave plasma-driven carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion has gained considerable interest as a promising strategy for mitigating environmental issues and recycling carbon resources, as it enables the conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals. However, conventional atmospheric microwave plasma systems encounter the challenge of simultaneously achieving high CO2 conversion efficiency and energy efficiency. Existing solutions to this problem often involve high operating costs or complex system configurations, resulting in unsatisfactory feasibility. In this study, a local electric field enhancement (LEFE) approach is […]
- by Peiqiong Liu, Boya Zhang, Mai Hao and Xingwen LiThis work employed pulsed Townsend experiment to investigate electrical insulation performance of new eco-friendly insulating gas HFO-1336mzz(E). Firstly, electron reaction rates and transport coefficients in pure gas and HFO-1336mzz(E)/CO2, HFO-1336mzz(E)/N2, HFO-1336mzz(E)/Air mixtures with different ratios were measured under low pressure. These mixtures’ insulation properties and the HFO-1336mzz(E) synergies with CO2, N2 and air were systematically evaluated. It is found that the electron detachment process exerts a significant influence on the measured current in pure HFO-1336mzz(E) under the pressure condition of […]
- by Caibo Yan, Zhiwei Su, Zhuo Zhao and Yanwen ZhouSingle-layer Si and bilayer Si/SiO2 films deposited on stainless steel substrates by magnetron sputtering were investigated with the aim of controlling color decoration. The variation in reflectivity and color appearance caused by the interference effect was compared with simulation results to predict the thickness-dependent chromaticity and saturation. The simulation revealed bright rainbow colors generated during the second interference period, except in the blue region. Stacking SiO2 layers (50 nm) on Si films significantly improved chromaticity and saturation. The reflectance peak […]
- by Yung-Hung Yang, Kun-Jie Xie, Ting-Yan Huang, Chih-Kuan Su, Chih-Hsun Lin and Ying-Hao LiaoThis study investigates the effects of non-thermal plasma exposure on the viability, stemness, paracrine expression, differentiation, and migration of rat adipose-derived stem cells (rADSCs). A self-fabricated plasma pad is employed to treat rADSCs under various conditions, including different exposure durations, electrode gaps, and treatment intervals. The results show that direct plasma treatment of adherent rADSCs enhances cell viability, with optimal proliferation observed after short-duration exposure (1 min). In contrast, prolonged exposure or treatment of suspended cells significantly reduces viability. Repeated […]
- Nitrogen annealing for defect recovery in low-fluence ion-irradiated β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodesby Chenglin Liao, Yun Li, Weihao Lin, Yuhao Wang, Zhimei Yang, Min Gong, Mingmin Huang, Xingli Su, Yao Ma and Gang XiangUltra-wide bandgap β-Ga2O3 is a highly promising semiconductor material for radiation-hardened power electronic devices. This study investigates the effects of low-fluence Ge ion irradiation and post-500 °C nitrogen annealing on Au/Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes. Electrical measurements demonstrate that irradiation degrades device performance, as evidenced by increases in the ideality factor (η), Schottky barrier height (ΦB) and series resistance (RS). These degradations are mitigated by 500 °C nitrogen annealing, primarily attributable to the recovery of irradiation-induced defects. Deep-level transient spectroscopy analysis […]
- by Tamali Mukherjee, V Satya Narayana Murthy and Banasree SadhukhanMagnetic skyrmions, due to their topological stability and high mobility, are strong candidates for information carriers in spintronic devices. To advance their practical applications, a detailed understanding of their nucleation and current-driven dynamics is essential. We investigate the formation and manipulation of skyrmions in a square nano structure (200 × 200 nm2, 1 nm thick) of PdFe/Ir(111) multilayers subjected to nano second current pulses with magnitude ranging from 1×1011 A m−2 − 5×1011 A m−2. Using micromagnetic simulations, we demonstrate controlled motion of skyrmions under different […]
- by Wuxia Miao, Lamei Zhang, Bin Zou and Di ZhuangThe physical scattering analysis of electrically large targets coated with metasurfaces (MSs) has been emerged as a focal research topic in electromagnetic applications. Conventional methods face challenges, such as high computational cost and inefficiency in acquiring reflection coefficients for MSs. In this work, a physical electromagnetic scattering model for MSs (ESM-MSs) coated on electrically large targets is proposed for the first time, which exhibits great stability under broadband and wide-angle incidence. By incorporating the surface susceptibility model into the high-frequency […]
- by Zhichen Mao, Chengwei Song, Yunyun Ji, Shiqiang Zhao, Cheng Gong, Jierong Cheng, Shengjiang Chang and Fei FanMetalenses have attracted significant attention due to their advantages in on-chip and multifunctional integration, but are still limited by a restricted number of multiplexing channels, unsatisfactory focusing efficiency, and operation at a single frequency. In this work, we designed and characterized a four polarization channel all-dielectric terahertz metalens using an alternate-row supercell structure. Through this structure, the metasurface decouples two pairs of orthogonal polarizations: x- and y-linearly polarized, and left- and right-circularly polarized. By introducing both focused wavefront and spatial […]
- by L Y Fetisov, M V Dzhaparidze, A V Turutin and Y K FetisovMagnetoelectric (ME) effects in composite layered ferromagnetic-piezoelectric (FM-PE) heterostructures arise as a result of the combination of magnetostriction and PE due to mechanical coupling between the layers. These effects manifest as a mutual transformation of magnetic and electric fields. The effects are used to create high-sensitivity sensors for DC and alternating magnetic fields, as well as controlled microwave devices, new memory elements, and low-power autonomous energy sources. The efficiency of field conversion in the structures depends on the PE, magnetic, […]
- by R L Silva and R C SilvaWe demonstrate fast, reversible, and fully periodic polarity switching of vortex core pinned at a central nanohole in Permalloy and CoFe nanodisks. An oscillating current drives the core out of the defect in a zero-polarity state. Once expelled, the core acquires a finite polarity and performs a confined gyrotropic motion while remaining attracted to the hole. It is subsequently reabsorbed and reemerges with opposite polarity. The switching frequency is not arbitrary but locked to rational fractions of the drive, establishing […]
- by Xilong Liu, Zekai Wang and Yikai ChenA passive smart monitor is presented based on laser-direct-written micropatterns, using a unique view-dependent and humidity-responsive mechanism to simultaneously enable information encryption and visual environmental monitoring. The device operates without external power or complex signal transduction, ensuring portability and broad applicability. The asymmetric structure exhibits distinct optical behaviors. It appears as a uniform color from one side while revealing high-contrast encrypted information from the other, constituting the first level of physical encryption. Furthermore, ambient humidity variations dynamically modulate its structural […]
- by Nazia Bibi, Jianing Li, Xiaodi Zhuo, Kang Ruiyu and Sen YangThe development of environmentally friendly perovskite optoelectronic devices depends on the selection of appropriate materials. Therefore, this study presents the design and first-principles investigation of lead-free BaSrXWO6 (X = Mg, Zn) double perovskites as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. These calculations confirm that both compounds crystallize in the cubic phase with space group F4̅3m. Structural analysis confirms the stability of both compounds in the cubic perovskite phase, as validated by the calculated Goldschmidt and octahedral tolerance factors. Furthermore, the calculated […]
- by Jing Huang and Yu-Jun ZhaoInorganic nanotubes (NTs) derived from two-dimensional materials, especially NTs, exhibit promising application in the fields of spintronics and optical nanodevices due to their unique magnetic and optical properties. Here, the correlation between curvature and formation energy is systematically investigated for NTs with different chiral indices. Further study on the interaction between NTs and the nested carbon NTs (CNTs) reveals that CNT encapsulation can significantly improve the structural stability of NTs. The CrX3(X = Cl, Br, I) monolayer structure exhibits axial […]
- by G Sattonnay, N Prud’homme, J Yemane, S Bilgen, C Racic and M MohammadDuring LHC Run 2, unexpected beam-induced heat loads on the pipe walls were observed in certain parts of the accelerator. This effect was attributed to the build-up of electron clouds, the intensity of which was unusually exacerbated by a high secondary electron yield (SEY) from the copper beam screen surface of the LHC. This abnormally high SEY value was linked to the presence of CuO oxide on the walls, rather than the native Cu2O oxide typically found on the surfaces. […]
- by Peizhou Zhang, Huantong Shi, Tongquan Wang, Mingjie Ye, Jingrui Han, Ming Xu, Jingyuan Xi, Jian Wu and Xingwen LiThe flash x-ray source generated by a wire-shorted rod-pinch diode (WS-RPD) is characterized as a potential source for transient single-pulse x-ray diffraction (XRD) in dynamic experiments. Driven by a bench-scale pulsed power device, the WS-RPD generates intense x-rays with a ∼30 ns pulse width (full width at half maximum), and the probing energy can be conveniently adjusted by changing the anode material without modifying the load geometry or driving parameters. For copper and molybdenum anodes, the yield of Kα photons […]
- by Yanan Wang, Liyun Jin, Kehui Zhou, Siyu Ren, Jiabei Cao, Anbang Sun, Yuliang Fu, Weidong Ding and Jiaqi YanThe transient ignition process of Hall thrusters generates pulse current surges with amplitudes tens of times higher than the steady-state discharge current, posing significant challenges to power supply systems and electrode reliability. However, in conventional thrusters, direct observation of internal plasma dynamics is hindered by the obstruction of discharge channel walls, and existing particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results lack experimental validation, leading to bottlenecks in elucidating the spatiotemporal evolution of plasma parameters and developing surge current suppression strategies. In this study, […]
- by Fanghui Sang, Yanghui Wu, Luobing Zhao, Haibo Zhang, Xiyi Liao and Wenhua GuThis paper presents the design of an optically transparent, flexible, and conformal microwave absorber with broadband absorption and high shielding effectiveness (SE). The absorber consists of a horseshoe-shaped metallic grid reflective backplane, a double horseshoe-ring top resonant layer, and a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dielectric layer. Leveraging the high ductility of the horseshoe structure under stretching and bending, the absorber enables long-term conformal applications. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) for the horseshoe grid shielding layer is established to elucidate the influence […]
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