- by Rui Li, Famin Yu, Xiaolin Ma, Chenxi Wan, Weiyu Zhao, Haitao Yan, Yulei Shi, Boon K Teo and Zhigang WangIn the early stages of introducing the term superatom to describe atomic clusters exhibiting chemical properties similar to periodic table elements, the electronic structures of these clusters were understood through simplified calculations based on the jellium model with spherical potential. Against this backdrop, a superatomic physical image based on the sequence of electronic energy levels predicted by the model was formed. In this work, the analysis of the development of superatoms first indicates that, due to their non-ideal spherical structures, […]
- by ZhiXiong Qi, Pinglan Yan, Zhentao Fu, Jiali Yin, Tao Ouyang, Chaoyu He, Zhansheng Lu, Xi Fu, Chao Tang, Jianxin Zhong and Jin LiAs silicon-based field-effect transistors (FETs) are scaled down to the nanometer regime, short-channel effects and doping challenges become increasingly pronounced, hindering their ability to meet the performance standards set by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS). Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are of interest for the development of higher performance FET due to their useful properties and all-in-one potentials and 2D materials-based FETs have attracted a large amount of attention. In this work, we propose a new Schottky Barrier FET […]
- by Zhou Ai, Hongfu Liu, Shubo Cheng, Huafeng Zhang, Zao Yi, Qingdong Zeng, Pinghui Wu, Jianguo Zhang, Chaojun Tang and Zhiqiang HaoThis article introduces a new type of graphene-based perfect absorber that features tunability across four wave peaks and high sensitivity, consisting of Ag–SiO2–graphene. By controlling the Fermi level and relaxation time of graphene, the tunability of the absorber is achieved, and by changing the refractive index of SiO2, the selectivity of the resonant wavelength is realized. The results show that the absorber has an average absorption rate of 98.54% at four wavelengths: 2092.24 nm, 2180.67 nm, 2230.08 nm, and 2336.17 […]
- by Alexander Seltenhammer and Zhe ZhangThis study investigates the horizontal asymmetry of plasma plumes in a pulsed plasma thruster (PPT), focusing on the distribution of electron density and magnetic field strength. Using a triple Langmuir probe, the electron density was measured, revealing a peak density on the right side that was up to 87 higher than the left side at representative points. Concurrently, magnetic field measurements using a magnetic probe revealed a non-uniform distribution, with the strongest disparities localized near the electrodes during current reversal, […]
- by Wenlong Hu, Minqi Zou, Shuzheng Zhang, Bin Yang and Yu CangCarbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) are widely used in aerospace, transportation, and defense industries due to their excellent properties such as lightweight, high specific strength and stiffness, superior thermal stability, and corrosion resistance. However, the smooth and chemically inert surface of carbon fiber (CF) results in poor interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix, thereby impacting the mechanical performance of CFRPs. To address this issue, nanomaterials have been introduced to the fiber surface, leveraging their exceptional mechanical properties and […]
- by Tiago C Dias and Vasco GuerraA comprehensive solution of the electron kinetics in gas discharges, accounting for dependencies in space, velocity and time, is often unfeasible. Therefore, the electron behavior is frequently coupled to fluid models under one of two assumptions: the local-field approximation (LFA), which equates the electron kinetics to the steady-state calculation with the local and instantaneous value of the reduced electric field; or the local-energy approximation (LEA), in which the rate coefficients and the electron power distribution among different collisional channels depend […]
- by Beile Gao, Jing Xu, Rui Feng, Yi Qiao, Wei Guo and Qiulin TanThis paper proposes an actively tunable reflective metasurface containing solely addressable meta-atoms capable of continuous phase adjustment within the microwave frequency range. Each meta-atom’s response can be quickly and accurately adjusted by adjusting the external voltage applied to each meta-atom, thereby regulating the phase distribution of the unit structures on the metasurface. Successful generation with three modes of vortex beams (VBs). Additionally, focusing and non-diffracting VBs with limited beam radii are achieved by superposing the vortex phase profile with a […]
- by Zhijie Liu, Zekai Zhang, Xiaolong Wang, Hezhi Guo, Xin Li, Bolun Pang and Yuantao ZhangHollow electrode discharge is commonly utilized across various fields, but the research on hollow electrode discharge plasma jet array and its corresponding anticancer effect remains limited, especially their induced liquid chemistry and biological effects. This study describes the generation of plasma multi-jet through a novel-designed hollow electrode array generator and the anticancer effect of plasma-activated water (PAW) through multi-jet treatment. The rise of O2 concentration has affected the discharge morphology, electrical characteristics, and gaseous reactive species generation, resulting in differences […]
- by Igor P Marko, Dominic A Duffy, Matthew Bentley, Andrew R J Marshall, Samir Rihani, Graham Berry, Michael Robertson, John Rawsthorne, Peter J Carrington and Stephen J SweeneyWe report on the key design factors for the development of Type-II ‘W’-lasers for O-band (1260–1360 nm) applications. We investigate the effects of InGaAs and GaAsSb quantum well composition and thicknesses on the emission wavelength and recombination efficiency as well as of (Al, Ga) As barriers on optimum electrical and optical confinement. Photoluminescence (PL) tests structures and full device structures were fabricated and characterised. 1.25 µm emitting lasers were demonstrated with a threshold current density and Jth values of 480 […]
- by Song Sun, Qingyang Du, Jessica L Boland and Rebecca L MilotCharacterisation plays a vital role in both the academic and industrial worlds, providing a feedback loop between the design and optimisation of device performance. The rapid development of hardware and software has pushed characterisation techniques to new extremes, while their combination has provided new insight in cross-disciplinary fields, where multi-physics and multi-scale measurements are needed. In the Special Issue of the Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, entitled ‘Advanced Characterisations of Materials, Devices and Applications’, we have compiled a comprehensive […]
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