- by Soeke Sabelus, Bo-Yi Zhong and Niklas NiliusMetal-oxide interactions are pivotal for the functionality of supported-metal catalysts. In this work, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are employed to study the interface reaction between Ti metal and crystalline Cu2O/Pt(111) films. Already at room-temperature, deposited Ti spontaneously oxidizes to predominately +4 and +2 charge states at low and high coverage, respectively. The electron transfer is accompanied by oxygen migration towards the Ti ad-layer, whereby Cu2O gradually reduces to Cu and Ti converts to TiO2. The process […]
- by Fangwei Liang, Hanhua Luo, Weijian Zhuang, Zuodong Liang, Xianhao Fan, She Chen and Qiuqin SunUnder DC voltage, space charge inevitably accumulates within the spacer, thereby influencing the dissipation of surface charges. In this study, a charge measurement platform for epoxy resin spacers is constructed. The temporal variation of the surface charge distribution under space charges is compared. The results indicate that homopolar space charges enhance the surface charge dissipation. This is because about 95% of the total dissipation charge depends on the recombination of surface charges with heteropolar charged particles in the air. The […]
- by Hongyi Li, Haobin Hu, Zixiang Zhou, Jindi Huang, Fuheng Wang, Hao Hu, Zhuo Li and Liangliang LiuThis paper presents a design strategy for highly compact filters based on effective localized surface plasmons (ELSPs). Leveraging the robustness of ELSPs to their cross-sectional shapes, the proposed design facilitates easier integration into printed circuit boards (PCBs). However, challenges such as dielectric material stacking and excessive lateral dimensions remain. By employing ELSPs, the longitudinal size of the ELSPs-based filters is significantly reduced. Furthermore, embedding the ELSPs directly into the PCB effectively solves the stability problems associated with dielectric material and […]
- by Yuan Huang, Hongfeng Lin, Xi Zhang and Gang XiangWhether in the form of zinc blende, wurtzite, or a composite structure of the two, silicon carbide (SiC) crystals possess a pair of polar crystal faces along the stacking direction of Si–C bilayers, namely the Si-face and the C-face. These two faces have different atomic structures and surface properties, resulting in anisotropic and surface polarity (SP)-dependent effects on growth and mechanical processing of SiC materials and electrical performance of SiC-based devices. Although much effort has been spent on the studies […]
- by NaÄŹa Beronská, Marek Gebura, Tomáš Dvorák, Miroslav ÄŚavojskĂ˝, Zuzana Hájovská, Peter Ĺ vec Jr, Peter Ĺ vec Sr, Lukáš Karaffa and Eva PospĂšilováThis study evaluates the erosion resistance and thermal stability of Cu/W–La2O3 composite electrodes exposed to plasma arc conditions in ambient air. Through comparative analysis with pure copper and W–La2O3 electrodes, it was found that the Cu/W–La2O3 composites exhibit superior erosion resistance, with a notably advantageous negative erosion rate due to a self-formed oxide layer that mitigates surface degradation. Detailed microstructural characterization revealed that this oxide layer, primarily consisting of copper tungstates and lanthanum tungstates, enhances electrode durability by reducing oxidation […]
- by Mathias Kure, Frederik L Durhuus, Cathrine Frandsen and Marco BeleggiaExperimental evidence indicates that significant exchange coupling may exist between magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in dense MNP aggregates such as nanoflower clusters. Here, we examine the role of inter-particle exchange interactions in determining the magnetic properties of MNP clusters, in particular their athermal hysteresis in a low-frequency alternating field. We consider mechanically fixed close-packed clusters where each particle is modeled as a single macrospin coupled to the others by both dipolar interactions and nearest-neighbor exchange. Upon simulating the quasi-static hysteresis curves, […]
- by Anandha Krishnan Ramasamy, Thangaraji Vasudevan, Govindaraj Rajamanickam and Lung-Chien ChenThe organic-inorganic hybrid MAPbI3 perovskite material has remarkable optoelectronic properties for excellent device performance. However, the poor long-term stability of MAPbI3 perovskite in light, heat, and humid environments is a major obstacle to commercialization. Degradation of MAPbI3 and an impairment in non-radiative charge recombination, a major impediment to increasing the stability and efficiency of photovoltaic devices, are made possible by the trap state and surface imperfections between the perovskite and electron transport layer interfaces. Here, the surface defect was healed […]
- by Rui Li, Famin Yu, Xiaolin Ma, Chenxi Wan, Weiyu Zhao, Haitao Yan, Yulei Shi, Boon K Teo and Zhigang WangIn the early stages of introducing the term superatom to describe atomic clusters exhibiting chemical properties similar to periodic table elements, the electronic structures of these clusters were understood through simplified calculations based on the jellium model with spherical potential. Against this backdrop, a superatomic physical image based on the sequence of electronic energy levels predicted by the model was formed. In this work, the analysis of the development of superatoms first indicates that, due to their non-ideal spherical structures, […]
- by ZhiXiong Qi, Pinglan Yan, Zhentao Fu, Jiali Yin, Tao Ouyang, Chaoyu He, Zhansheng Lu, Xi Fu, Chao Tang, Jianxin Zhong and Jin LiAs silicon-based field-effect transistors (FETs) are scaled down to the nanometer regime, short-channel effects and doping challenges become increasingly pronounced, hindering their ability to meet the performance standards set by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS). Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are of interest for the development of higher performance FET due to their useful properties and all-in-one potentials and 2D materials-based FETs have attracted a large amount of attention. In this work, we propose a new Schottky Barrier FET […]
- by Zhou Ai, Hongfu Liu, Shubo Cheng, Huafeng Zhang, Zao Yi, Qingdong Zeng, Pinghui Wu, Jianguo Zhang, Chaojun Tang and Zhiqiang HaoThis article introduces a new type of graphene-based perfect absorber that features tunability across four wave peaks and high sensitivity, consisting of Ag–SiO2–graphene. By controlling the Fermi level and relaxation time of graphene, the tunability of the absorber is achieved, and by changing the refractive index of SiO2, the selectivity of the resonant wavelength is realized. The results show that the absorber has an average absorption rate of 98.54% at four wavelengths: 2092.24 nm, 2180.67 nm, 2230.08 nm, and 2336.17 […]
- by Alexander Seltenhammer and Zhe ZhangThis study investigates the horizontal asymmetry of plasma plumes in a pulsed plasma thruster (PPT), focusing on the distribution of electron density and magnetic field strength. Using a triple Langmuir probe, the electron density was measured, revealing a peak density on the right side that was up to 87 higher than the left side at representative points. Concurrently, magnetic field measurements using a magnetic probe revealed a non-uniform distribution, with the strongest disparities localized near the electrodes during current reversal, […]
- by Wenlong Hu, Minqi Zou, Shuzheng Zhang, Bin Yang and Yu CangCarbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) are widely used in aerospace, transportation, and defense industries due to their excellent properties such as lightweight, high specific strength and stiffness, superior thermal stability, and corrosion resistance. However, the smooth and chemically inert surface of carbon fiber (CF) results in poor interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix, thereby impacting the mechanical performance of CFRPs. To address this issue, nanomaterials have been introduced to the fiber surface, leveraging their exceptional mechanical properties and […]
- by Tiago C Dias and Vasco GuerraA comprehensive solution of the electron kinetics in gas discharges, accounting for dependencies in space, velocity and time, is often unfeasible. Therefore, the electron behavior is frequently coupled to fluid models under one of two assumptions: the local-field approximation (LFA), which equates the electron kinetics to the steady-state calculation with the local and instantaneous value of the reduced electric field; or the local-energy approximation (LEA), in which the rate coefficients and the electron power distribution among different collisional channels depend […]
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